cliff strike in Arizona
Yo! I had a cliff strike last week in Arizona (S******, 450ft).
I thought whether to post about it or not. Nobody likes to reveal their fuckups. But without sharing the information, there will be no learning. This post and video is a tribute to those who share for others to learn and whose videos helped me to create a mental picture of the cliff strike and handle it without panic.
I have the video detailing the various stages of the strike. If anybody can host a 66MB file, PM me (skydivingmovies.com is down now).
Equipment used: Apex DP, Flik 322 Vtec (exit weight ~225lbs), 48" ZP PC. Jump: 2s delay stowed. Cliff: 450ft to impact, 600ft to landing. Wind: ~5mph from right. Body protection: Hanwag boots, kneepads, gloves, helmet.
This was my jump #38.
Jump time sequence:
0s - exit. Exit point is a little triangle sloping down, you need to make a good push to clear outcropping. When launching, I erred on the head-high side. Kicked legs in attempt to better the body position.
2.2s - symmetric pull. My body was at about 45-60 angle head-high. Tilted a little to the left, but not bad.
3.0s - my body suddenly started to rotate and made 90 left in just 0.5s. I still don't know what caused this quick turn. I didn't feel any snag on my body. It is possible for bridle to get snagged momentarily on the right bottom corner of the container (where there is a little space between the corner and main lift web attachment) in the head-high position and increase the force required to extract the pin, while rotating the body left during this momentary hesitation.
3.7s - canopy inflation. "this is probably it" moment. Canopy makes another 90 left due to low left shoulder and continuing body rotation.
4.7s - canopy is facing the wall perpendicularly. "Oh Shit" moment. I get on risers and start turning right. I got on them too quick to grab them high, making the turn non-aggressive. This was a mistake, but it was too late to re-grab.
6.2s - wall strike. I struck at about 45 degrees angle. Half a second before the strike I realized that it's imminent and pulled on both risers to slow down. Raised the legs and took most of the impact with them.
7.0s - canopy is flat against the wall, while my body is now rotating left. I regrabbed the risers higher. From video it looks like I reach for the left toggle. I don't remember that moment and whether I released the toggle or not. Canopy is shearing some rocks off the cliff and tearing itself.
7.6s - my body is facing 90 left, but despite the attempts to turn left, the canopy seems to be "glued" to the wall.
8.0s - I'm facing the wall again, continuing to fall straight down (the cliff is overhang there) and pulling on both risers to back up from the wall.
10.0s - I pull hard to turn right.
11.0s - overhung is over and the slope (~10 degrees) is coming up at me and I hit it with my legs and ass. I'm facing 90 right now and continue to pull on right riser with all my force. This finally turns me 180 from the wall.
12s - after sliding some 20ft on my ass down the 10 degree slope the canopy finally acquires some horizontal speed and I fly away from the wall.
29s - stand-up landing. Flare was weak, but not bad. It turned out I flew on 6 cells, with holes here and there.
I got away mostly unscathed: smashed elbow and a few bruises and lacerations. The canopy and its pilot are expected to make a full recovery.

My observations and thoughts:
1. I went stowed off an unfamiliar cliff with a sketchy exit point. "What could possibly go wrong?", right?

2. I always thought head-high position is better that head-low. Now I think the opposite. (Of course, perfectly flat is the best, but sometimes we have to err.) Head-high position has more snagging possibilities (bottom corner of container for bridle, helmet and camera for canopy and lines) than moderate head-low with straight legs. Besides, in head-high position the tension in the risers is transmitted directly to leg straps on inflation, and thus the evenness of hips (which is harder to feel and control) is what determines the heading. In head-low position, shoulders take the first hit and they are easier to feel and control.
3. Can the bridle be jammed momentarily between your body and container's corner when you pull head-high? Anybody have had snags like this? If yes, the main lift web attachment should be made wider so its bottom is flush against the bottom corner of the container. I'll experiment to see if I can reproduce the snag.
4. After pull, I usually hold my hands near shoulders in anticipation of risers. So when I faced the wall, I grabbed them immediately -- and it was too close to shoulders. There was not enough range of motion to make a hard turn. Practicing at Potato bridge is one thing, the real thing is another. I'm thinking now about holding hands stretched high in anticipation of risers, so that when you get on risers quick, you have the full range.
5. Turn or back up? Which one is more effective? Of course, it depends on the distance to the wall. I think if I had my hands high on risers and stalled the canopy quick, I could have avoided the strike. But who knows. I was about 10ft from the wall. Interestingly, just a few days before the accident I researched the possibility of using high-accuracy GPS+ (20 measurements per second, 1/4 inch accuracy, see e.g. http://www.topcongps.com/images/GPSPlusBooklet.pdf) to imitate cliff strikes on bridge jumps and to learn how effective different methods (risers vs. toggles, turn vs. back up) are.
6. "Thanks God for vents!" The canopy stayed pressurized all the time. One can only imagine how this strike would look like without vents. No vents most likely means no writing about your accident by yourself.
7. 322 is a big canopy loaded at 0.70 lbs/sq.ft. It is noticeably slower than the 293 Fox I used to jump before. Big is good! It is less responsive, though, and requires larger inputs and more time. It's a tradeoff between the force you're smacked against the wall and the time it takes to turn it away.
8. Deep brake setting was not deep enough. I Potato-tested the DBS and was satisfied with it, but flying towards the wall provided an ultimate - almost last - test. Don't rely on "looks OK" setting. Perhaps using GPS off Potato can help to fine-tune your DBS to "minimum horizontal speed, but still not stalling" position.
9. There was no time for panic. Mind and body switched to survival mode. I wasn't even shaken, just in pain and high. Everything was in full auto. Which makes it even more important to engrave the right reflexes into your body. Engraving the seemingly looking right, but in real emergency not working reflexes doesn't help. When jumping a bridge practicing riser drills, there's time to raise hands to grab the risers. When you face the wall 10ft from you, hands automatically grab the risers where they are. I might be wrong, but now I think hands should be up high waiting for risers. If not perfectly flat, err a little bit on head low side with legs straight. Stop kicking legs before the pull. On low jumps, open pin flap and mud flaps. See if bridle can catch on the bottom of your container.
10. Body armor. Need to say more?
To jumpers I met in Arizona: you guys kick ass!!! I had a great time with you. Many thanks for everything.
Happy and safe New Year to all, and c-ya at the exit point!

Yuri